E-Learning Questionnaire

This proposal focuses on only e-learning in one developing country, Malaysia. For this study, e-learning is used at tertiary level. The overall purpose of the research is to investigate, analyse and discuss the effectiveness of technology in the education system – theoretically and pedagogically. Since there are not many empirical researches in developing countries about the effectiveness of using technology in the education system, perhaps this paper may be able to contribute some ideas and new insights into the field. Many assumptions have been made nation wide about the fact that technology helps in the process of teaching and learning. However, they are not proven and as such the need to have more independent study on the effectiveness of e-learning is high. Another research concludes that the performance of e-learning students is at least the same as face-to-face (FTF) learning students. This comes with the same consideration for pedagogical designs, delivery and also the right amount of sources. Thus, the governments and education stakeholders have to look again at the investments on e-learning; if e-learning gives the same results as FTF, then perhaps educators can just choose to explore new FTF strategies. -Learning: Concept and practice in Malaysia To be more specific on the practice of e-learning, there is not yet a 100% e-learning. It is always a blended e-learning; a mixed mode e-learning whereby a combination of e-learning and FTF learning are used together. The e-learning concept allows for more working people to further their studies as distance and time are no longer the barriers to education. There are four objectives of this tertiary e-learning in Malaysia. The first is to introduce new concept of learning at a higher level of education. Secondly, it introduces interactive and productive method of learning. The third objective is to ensure students study independently and lastly to allow for balanced education in Malaysia. Learning model in e-learning includes independent study, on-line interaction, self-evaluation and graded assignments sent on-line. This proposal intends to use pre/post tests, examination results, questionnaires and interview as the basis of data collection and measurement for the effectiveness of e-learning. These designs are chosen because they can give an indicator for the effectiveness of e-learning. Pre/post test results can give a surface value on the effectiveness of e-learning itself. Meanwhile, questionnaires and interviews can gauge students’ awareness and belief on e-learning as a new tool of learning. Research questions This proposal has four research questions. They are, 1. 2. 3. 4. How does e-learning help in the process of teaching and learning? What are the relations between students’ academic achievement and e-learning? What are the differences in students’ academic achievement before and after e-learning treatment? What are the relations between gender, socio-economic background, academic ability and e-learning? Conclusion As this is a proposal on the topic of effectiveness of e-learning, collecting and analysing secondary data are still in progress. Students or subjects for the research have been identified and preliminary preparation is being made to organise groups, classes and materials for the students. At the same time, questionnaires are being prepared and will soon be pilot tested. The pre/post tests are being finalised. It is hoped that this research can be completed within its time frame as the findings may be crucial to the education system in Malaysia.

Mid Term 220

Take Assessment: Midterm Exam Page 1 of 9 MGT220. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (MGT220) > TAKE ASSESSMENT: MIDTERM EXAM Take Assessment: Midterm Exam Name Midterm Exam Instructions Always pick the single best answer. Blank answers will be scored as incorrect. Multiple Attempts This Test allows 2 attempts. This is attempt number 1. Force Completion This Test can be saved and resumed later. Question Completion Status: Question 1 2 points Sellers generally benefit from e-auctions due to the opportunity to bargain for lower prices. Save True False Question 2 2 points Nokia has entered the mobile gaming world.It markets near-distance multiplayer gaming over __________ and wide-area gaming over __________ networks. Save A. cellular; local area B. Bluetooth; cellular C. GPS; wide area D. WiMax; analog E. Question 3 2 points Using wireless technologies, one can create applications that are not available with wireline systems. Save True False Question 4 2 points Save 2 points In general, which o f the following is true about the transmission of confidential and personal information between an RFID reader and a back-end database protect? Save Blogs, mashups, instant messaging, and wikis are examples of A. avatars B. social computing C. virtual worldsD. wireless communications Question 5 http://coursesite. umtweb. edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch. jsp? course_assessment_id=†¦ 9/25/2012 Take Assessment: Midterm Exam Page 2 of 9 A. Those transmissions are sent over secure networks to keep the information secure. B. Information sent via those transmissions is protected using encryption. C. RFID tags do not yet contain confidential or personal information. D. Firewalls are used to protect information in transit. Question 6 2 points Remote administration Trojans (RATs) are a class of backdoors that are extremely dangerous because they enable remote control over the infected machine.Save True False Question 7 2 points Save 2 points A(n) __________ is an analysis of the benef its of using a specific business model. Save Productivity in an enterprise can be measured in terms of: A. the amount of input per amount of time B. the ratio of the amount of output to the amount of input C. the number of units produced D. market share Question 8 A. core competency B. exchange C. RFQ D. value proposition Question 9 2 points A valuable property of e-tailing is the ability to offer customized products and services to individual customers at a reasonable price and quickly. Save True False Question 10 2 pointsWith two-factor authentication, two types of information are used to verify the user's identity, such as passwords and botnets. Save True False Question 11 2 points One of the worst and most prevalent crimes is identity theft, which has been made worse by widespread electronic sharing and databases. http://coursesite. umtweb. edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch. jsp? course_assessment_id=†¦ Save 9/25/2012 Take Assessment: Midterm Exam Page 3 of 9 True False Qu estion 12 2 points Directories and hyperlinks from other Web sites and intelligent search agents help buyers find the best stores and products to match their needsSave True False Question 13 2 points _________ percent of companies that suffer a significant data loss die within five years, according to Freeman Mendel, the chair of the FBI's 2006 Infragard National Conference. Save A. 7 B. 23 C. 57 D. 93 Question 14 2 points A risk associated with tools that are meant to improve the productivity and quality of life in general is that they can lead to abuses such as intruding on an employee's or manager's personal time. Save True False Question 15 2 points Responsibility for internal control and compliance with information security olicies rests directly on end-users. Save True False Question 16 2 points Packet technologies convert voice, video, and data into packets that can be transmitted together over a single, high-speed network eliminating the need for separate networks. Save True False Question 17 2 points Advances in converged networks, SIP, and tools have eliminated the barriers to full integration and interoperability. Save True http://coursesite. umtweb. edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch. jsp? course_assessment_id=†¦ 9/25/2012 Take Assessment: Midterm Exam Page 4 of 9 False Question 18 2 pointsThe software-as-a-service (SaaS) approach is based on the trend for developing applications in-house rather than buying them. Save True False Question 19 2 points A(n) __________ is a method of doing business by which a company can generate revenue to sustain itself. Save A. adaptive strategy B. business model C. electronic commerce Web site D. operations model Question 20 2 points According to the market intelligence firm IDC, organizations with a 1,000 or more knowledge workers lose over $5 million annually because of: Save A. time wasted by employees reformatting data as they move among applications.B. data that is out of context or outdated. C. the inabi lity of knowledge workers to share data with others working on the same project. D. the inability to synchronize data. Question 21 2 points One example of an integrated messaging system is __________, which combines wireless communications, vehicle monitoring systems, and vehicle location devices. Save A. collaborative commerce B. supply chain management C. voice portal D. wireless telemetry Question 22 2 points Which of the following is not accurate regarding businesses that collect data about employees or customers? SaveA. The data must be available to auditors. B. Businesses have a legal duty to protect this data. C. The data should be accessible only to authorized people. D. Securing the data from abuse by authorized parties is expensive and difficult. Question 23 2 points http://coursesite. umtweb. edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch. jsp? course_assessment_id=†¦ Save 9/25/2012 Take Assessment: Midterm Exam Page 5 of 9 An example of a mobile enterprise application is sales force automation (SFA), which enables sales force employees to type orders straight into an ERP while at a client's site.Benefits include a reduction in clerical mistakes and improved supply chain operations. True False Question 24 2 points Save 2 points Information systems can be organized according to organizational hierarchy (e. g. , departmental, enterprisewide, and interorganizational) or by the nature of supported task (e. g. , operational, managerial, and strategic). Save Web 1. 0 was basically organized around each of the following except: A. corporations B. media C. software D. technology Question 25 True False Question 26 2 points Save 2 points Several banks in Japan issued __________ cards to customers.These cards store a template of the person's palm vein to authenticate the customer's identity when withdrawing money. Save The ________ suite is the standard used with almost any network service. A. Internet protocol B. Transport Control Protocol C. User Datagram Protocol D. Voice over IP Question 27 A. smart B. RFID C. ATM D. adaptive Question 28 2 points Save Which is the first step in the process of managing business performance? A. Determine how to attain the performance levels. http://coursesite. umtweb. edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch. jsp? course_assessment_id=†¦ 9/25/2012 Take Assessment: Midterm ExamPage 6 of 9 B. Assess where the organization stands with respect to its goals, objectives, and measures. C. Decide on desired performance levels. D. Set the budget for achieving performance or goals. Question 29 2 points Microsoft releases _________ to update and patch vulnerabilities in its operating systems, including Vista, and other software products, including Office 2007. Save A. firewalls B. podcasts C. service packs D. workbooks Question 30 2 points Reasons why managers may not be able to trust their data include all of the following except: Save A. Data are too synchronized. B. Data are out of context.C. Data are outdated. D. Dat a are so overwhelming that they require weeks to analyze. Question 31 2 points A computer system essentially organizes data into a hierarchy that begins with bits and proceeds to bytes, fields, files, databases, and records. Save True False Question 32 2 points Save Databases are the optimal way to store and access organizational data. True False Question 33 2 points Social network analysis (SNA) is the mapping and measuring of relationships and flows between people or groups. Nodes in the network are the people or groups, while the links show relationships or flows between the nodes.Save True False Question 34 2 points Save What is significant about 4G networks? http://coursesite. umtweb. edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch. jsp? course_assessment_id=†¦ 9/25/2012 Take Assessment: Midterm Exam Page 7 of 9 A. 4G has a circuit switched subsystem B. 4G is based purely on the Internet Protocol (IP) C. 4G is the convergence of the features of 2G and 3G D. All of the above Question 35 2 points Save All of the following correctly define the networking technology except: A. WAP is an Internet protocol developed for transferring information on the Internet to and from wireless clients. B.EV-DO is fast wireless broadband access that runs in a Wi-Fi hotspot. C. Instant messaging has become a mission-critical collaboration tool for over 130 million workers in businesses of all sizes. D. Bluetooth is how mobile phones, mobile and fixed computers, and PDAs can be easily interconnected using a short-range RF wireless connection. Question 36 2 points A supply chain is the flow of materials, information, money, and services from raw material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customers. Save True False Question 37 2 points A(n) antivirus software is a technology that checks Internet packets sent to nd from a network and enforces access-control policies between networks. Save True False Question 38 2 points The virtual elimination of software-upgrade cycl es makes applications perpetual worksin-progress and allows rapid prototyping using the Web as a platform. Save True False Question 39 2 points When dealing with consumer-facing applications, such as online banking and ecommerce, strong authentication must be balanced with ________. Save A. costs B. convenience C. privacy risks D. war driving risks Question 40 2 points Save A wiki is all of the following except: http://coursesite. mtweb. edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch. jsp? course_assessment_id=†¦ 9/25/2012 Take Assessment: Midterm Exam Page 8 of 9 A. a software program B. a discovery tool C. a collaboration site D. a search engine Question 41 2 points Data warehouses are designed as online analytical processing (OLAP) systems, meaning that the data can be queried and analyzed much more efficiently than application databases. Save True False Question 42 2 points Save 2 points Fraud detection is too complex to be handled effectively by intelligent analysis engines using adva nced data warehousing. SaveWhat is the technology that enables Internet browsing from wireless devices? A. WAP B. EMS C. WiMax D. WLAN Question 43 True False Question 44 2 points Which of the following factors is not a major type of business pressure on enterprises? Save A. Homogenous workforce B. Powerful customers C. Regulatory compliance D. Terrorist attacks and homeland security Question 45 2 points ___________ support functional managers by providing them with periodic reports, such as weekly sales volume and comparisons of actual expenses to budgeted expenses. Save A. Personal information managementsB. Transaction processing systems C. Management information systems D. Enterprise systems http://coursesite. umtweb. edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch. jsp? course_assessment_id=†¦ 9/25/2012 Take Assessment: Midterm Exam Question 46 Page 9 of 9 2 points Mary Kay transformed itself from traditional modes of operation to a business model that enabled rapid growth into new marke ts by doing all of the following except: Save A. networking various applications so they communicate with each other B. using business service management to connect to consultants. C. sing social computing for marketing D. outsourcing its IT infrastructure Question 47 2 points M-commerce B2C applications are concentrated in three major areas, which include each of the following except: Save A. retail shopping for products and services B. advertising C. mobile portals D. selling digitized content such as music, movies, or games Question 48 2 points Save Data redundancy wastes physical storage media, makes it difficult to obtain a comprehensive view of customers, and increases the costs of entering and maintaining the data. True False Question 49 2 pointsAt a strategic level, the totality of a company's data resources is nearly irreplaceable. Yet data at this macro-level remains largely overlooked by corporate leadership. Save True False Question 50 2 points Save Why is auditing a Web site important from the perspective of risk? A. It is a good preventive measure to manage legal risk. B. It is a key part of disaster recovery. C. To insure that biometrics were implemented properly. D. It is a necessary corrective action. http://coursesite. umtweb. edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch. jsp? course_assessment_id=†¦ 9/25/2012

Database Secuirty Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Database Secuirty - Coursework Example As such, the company ought to put in place structures that will ensure information security in two main ways, (1) authentication and authorization, and (2) general policies and procedures. The firm’s database containing all information pertaining to tenants and other aspects of the business will be stored in two main servers. These servers will be accessible by all tenants and building managers. Every database user will have a login account that will allow them access to the database. There are two general types of accounts, (1) tenant accounts for tenants, and (2) manager accounts for building managers. Each account will determine the scope of information that the given user is allowed. While manager accounts will have administrator privileges, tenant accounts will have very limited access to the database. Each login account will have a password that will be created by each user upon creation of the account. A firewall is in essence a baseline control for the securing of any network environment of any enterprise. Routers are usually integrated with a firewall. Examples include software based packet filtration and Network Address Translation. A distinct firewall that is hardware based is recommended. This is due to the disturbing fact that hackers in this time and age employ advanced technology and methodologies that they use to breach networks. A good example of this is APT (Advanced Persistent Threats). These employ advanced phishing techniques and complex algorithms. The threat posed by such security menaces may damage a company’s reputation or compromise the integrity of its confidential information, causing it to lose clientele as banks would in the case where credit card numbers are leaked. The use of a firewall supplemented by an antivirus is not sufficient to ensure information security. An intrusion detection system will be put in place. An intrusion detection system is vital for the

Write about creating success in college as well as successful Essay

Write about creating success in college as well as successful strategies that can help you create an extraordinary life. Include personal experiences or examples - Essay Example For others, what happens outside the classroom is what counts. The ideal situation is to strike a balance between the two. The first step towards achieving this is to â€Å"allow one’s self the full environment on college† (Bader 196). This entails being open to learning what is taught inside and outside the classroom. One can take a subject that is not his major just to widen the scope of his knowledge. Distractions can be evident as one tries to get used to college life. One should make sure they set aside times to study and complete projects Another step towards a successful college life is making the right decisions and choices. They have to be informed and truthful. Most decisions in college are guided by money and peer expectations. Knowing how to weigh on the decisions to make will help one outside college where there are even more complex choices to choose from. This follows the famous Chinese proverb that says, â€Å"A wise man makes his own decisions, an ignorant man follows public opinion.† The results of right decisions and choices are acceptance of personal responsibility and increased self-motivation. Networking is another aspect of a successful life in and out of college. Getting to know the professors and fellow classmates will go a long way in determining one’s job prospects and cultivating a rich life with friends. Meeting someone, befriending them and then switching contact information are some of the initial steps. Then cultivate a good friendship. Mary O’Brian is an investment banker at Morgan Stanley. Back as a freshman at the University of Iowa, she met and befriended Joey Martin, a business administration classmate. Through Joey, Mary was able to meet Joey’s dad, a financial advisor at Morgan Stanley. Thanks to his recommendation, Mary was able to land a good job at the same firm. This is an example of

Self-Concept-PSY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Self-Concept-PSY - Essay Example This means that we have the ability to make choices and that not everything in life is completely deterministic, even though some aspects are. Through exploring experiential freedom, this is the way in which we learn and grow. Societies and the development on both the personal level and collective level is based on the ability to make choices, whether they are right or wrong. I think that the least important trait is organismic trusting. Roger’s basically stated that this is doing what feels natural. As a component of basic living, humans are going to do whatever they please, whether it is natural or not. Thus, this component of being able to be â€Å"fully functional† seems to be redundant and unnecessary. These qualities are related to the development of personality. The decisions and method by which a person lives will inherently play a role in the development of the self. In addition, the qualities of society and socialization will also play a role in the developmen t of personality. The five traits are highly abstract that deal with the ability to make choices and the way in which a person looks at the world and interacts.

Does a cervical collar immobilization device improve patient outcomes Research Paper

Does a cervical collar immobilization device improve patient outcomes - Research Paper Example One of the reasons for such uncertainty is the lack of effective measure to evaluate and ascertain the extent of injury to the patient in the prehospital stage in the emergency scenario. Another reason is the lack of proper definition for immobilization. While some experts recommend immobilization as a routine protocol in all resuscitation protocols, a few of them question the very application of cervical immobilization arguing that it has very little impact on the outcomes of the patient. In many hospital protocols, selective spinal immobilization has been employed and the emergency medical personnel decide whether cervical immobilization, cervical collar or long spine board is necessary for the patient. It is a well known fact that early management of an individual with suspected or potential cervical spine injury begins at the accident scene. This is because of the chief concern that impairment of the neurologic function can ensue due to pathologic motion of the vertebrae that are injured. It has been estimated that 3- 25 percent of spinal cord injuries occur after the traumatic insult during early treatment or transit. Mishandling of cervical spine results in poor outcomes. Thus, spinal immobilization has become an integral part of prehospital spinal care until injury to the spine is rules out. A cervical collar, also known as neck brace, is a medical equipment which is used to support the cervical spinal cord of the patient. The collar mainly stabilizes the cervical vertebrae C1-C7. The exact definition of cervical spinal immobilization is yet unclear. In a retrospective study by Jin et al (p.401), the researchers examined the sensitivity of a prehospital protocol in which there are 5 criteria for immobilization of spine and they are presence of any neurological deficit, decreased awareness in terms of time, person and place, presence of intoxication, pain on palpation of the spine and age of atleast 65 years. This study included 238 victims of trauma. Of these, atleast 236 individuals had atleast one of the five criteria and thus received immobilization. Of the 2 cases who has no positive findings and hence did not receive any immobilization, one had a small fissure in the arch of C2 and the other had fracture of the transverse process of L3. Both the patients were discharged within 24 hours. Thus, it can be said that hospital protocols for spinal immobilization can be sensitive upto 99.2 percent. The effectiveness and benefits of immobilization of the spine depends on the perfection in application of the immobilization technique. Generally, immobilization of spine consists of a cervical collar that supports either side of the head, and the long and short back boards which have straps attached to them to immobilize the rest of the body. Mozalewski (cited in AANS, p.6) opined that unless the motion of trunk also was minimized along with motion of head, spine immobilization was ineffective. The literature review by AANS (p.6) drew som e implications about spine immobilization practices in an emergency setting. The review opines that studies pertaining to spinal immobilization are limited because none of the studies actually evaluate the full range of available devices. However, from whatever results are available, it appears that a combination of cervical collar immobilization with supportive straps on a rigid long spinal

Quiz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Quiz - Essay Example Law argues that with the advocating for use of paper money the cost of gold and sliver will radically reduce. Law’s assertion that the value of goods is independent of the quantity of money made meaning and answered questions on the freedom to purchase any quantity of a product on an agreed price or cost. In addition, Law believed that. If paper money was in use trade will be made easier and the level of demand and supply will be eventually influenced. On the other hand, the James Steuart argues on the need for demand in the industry, which will result to a certain level of supply, which can take both regular and irregular trends. This situation creates competition in the market milieu and helps in increasing the quality of products in the most natural manner. This implies that with help of paper money, a product will bought or sold at its value. In the case of the Allan Meltzer’s assertion on redistribution and sustainability, the problem of capitalism is created by unequal distribution of resources and income. This aspect does not only affect a particular group of class of people, but also the universal economic structure of a country. Meltzer asserts that capitalism has grown because of leaders’ hostility to reward their selfish interests. Meltzer argues that, the wealth generated by the market system should be equally redistributed to ensure a strong economic foundation (OBrien,

Research Methodolgy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Research Methodolgy - Essay Example Knowing the manner of data collection readers would be able to evaluate the validity as well as reliability of the results, and the conclusions which were drawn from them. A method of a certain research depends on the type of research conduction and approaches used in the study. The study can be Quantitative type or a Qualitative Research. Quantitative methodologies assume that collected data are measurable, or if they are not, it is necessary to design an experiment or computer simulation in a way that respective measurements can be taken. Once the measurements are done, the problem is to fit (in a broad sense) the data adequately. Derived dependencies are then interpreted in the context of the initial problem formulation with a possible test of the hypothesis about the nature of the data and the errors in the measurements. In qualitative methods, the interest is centered on the qualitative characteristics of the phenomenon. Rather than trying to quantify every detail, these methods try to grasp the Quantitative and qualitative methods are relatively distinctive in the emphasis they position on each (Stake, 1995). For quantitative inquiries, argumentation is based on a demonstration of the phenomenon as a fixed set of variables. There, systematic statistical or further functional relations between the factors or variables. Meanwhile, in qualitative researches, argumentation is with reference on a description of the research observation units fairly than on approximation of some degree of number of variables. The purpose of quantitative research is simply to elucidate observed phenomena; to provide the capacity to predict as well as to control examined concepts. As a result, these concepts call for quantification. The proceeding pages present summaries and criticisms of the two selected research topics (one quantitative and the other one is the qualitative research), as well as the

Medicine Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Medicine - Lab Report Example FEV1 or FEV 1 / EVC % ration between males and females. Heart Rate is defined as the number of heart contractions in 1minute and Stroke Volume is the amount of blood ejected by heart in each beat. Cardiac output in a resting individual of average size is about 5 liters/minute. In an untrained individual heart rate is about 72 beats per minute so stroke volume is about 70 milliliters. 2. OXYGEN CARRYING CAPACITY OF BLOOD: Hemoglobin present in our Red Blood Cells binds the Oxygen present in the blood and forms Oxyhemoglobin during pulmonary circulation. The blood is circulated to different parts of the body including skeletal muscles. 3. SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS: Of the three factors determining maximum oxygen consumption, the most important is the role of skeletal muscle. The larger the mass of exercising skeletal muscle , greater the potential for increasing whole body oxygen consumption. Example: A runner running on a treadmill at a given speed requires certain amount of oxygen. If he increases the speed, the amount of oxygen required would also increase. The runner keeps increasing the speed and hence the corresponding oxygen requirement also increases until a point is reached where he can't increase the speed. The volume of Oxygen used by muscles at that point is optimum which is defined as VO2 Max. GREIWE, J. S., L. A. KAMINSKY, M. H. WHALEY, and G. B. DWYER. ... The volume of Oxygen used by muscles at that point is optimum which is defined as VO2 Max. EXPLAINING VO2 MAX TO A LAYMAN VO2 Max: - V= Volume, O2 =Oxygen & Max= Maximum VO2 Max is calculated in "ml/Kg/min" Example: If my client is 24Year old and his VO2 Max is 24 ml/Kg/m, As for a layman I will explain him that in 1 minute, 1 Kg of his body weight consume a maximum of 24 ml of oxygen to provide energy. COMPARING VO2 MAX RESULTS WITH ASTRAND AND YMCA TESTS GREIWE, J. S., L. A. KAMINSKY, M. H. WHALEY, and G. B. DWYER. Evaluation of the ACSM sub maximal ergo meter test for estimating VO2max. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. Vol. 27, No. 9, pp. 1315-1320, 1995. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the reliability and validity of maximal oxygen uptake estimates (ESTmax) from the ACSM sub maximal cycle ergo meter test. Subjects included 15 men and 15 women aged 21-54 yr who performed two sub maximal tests and one maximal cycle ergo meter test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). During the sub maximal tests, heart rates (HR) were recorded from a radio telemetry monitor. ESTmax was predicted for both sub maximal trials by extrapolating HR to an age-predicted maximal HR. Correlation coefficient and standard error of measure (SEmeas) for ESTmax between submaximal trials were r = 0.863 and SEmeas = 0.40 l. min-1, while a t-test revealed no significant difference between trials. Although trial means were not significantly different, la rge variation in individual cases was evident by the high SEmeas (0.40 l.min-1) and by a large SEmeas expressed as a percentage of the mean (13%). The mean of the two ESTmax significantly overestimated measured VO2max with percent error, total error,

Information Technology Essay Example for Free

Information Technology Essay Advancements in information technology have had many great benefits on society. It has revolutionized the phase of business and living around the world. Information Technology has made Local businesses become international due to a simple website. Information technology (IT) is the use of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. It is broadly considered to encompass the use of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data. Several industries are associated with information technology, such as computer hardware,software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment and computer services (Chandler, 2012). Therefore, the purpose of this assignment is to discuss the wonders and horrors Information Technology has brought to us. It will first look at the wonders which Information Technology has brought, and then it will look at the horrors. It is from the wonders and horrors were a conclusion will be drawn from. Today information technology involves more than just computer literacy; it also takes into account how computers work and how these computers can further be used not just for information processing but also for communications and problem solving tasks as well. Information technology also involves the development, installation, implementation, maintenance, and the use of computer systems, software and networks for the processing and distribution of data (Daintith, 2009). Our world today has changed a great deal with the aid of information technology. The revolution in IT has itself been brought forth by a company of innovations in telecommunications and informatics, made possible by cheaper new lightweight materials such as optical fibers transmitting information faster. Information flows faster and less expensively throughout the globe, but it will take substantial time to reach full digitalization given the youth of IT (Achimugu et al; 2009). Things that were once done manually or by hand have now become computerized operating systems, which simply require a single click of a mouse to get a task completed. With the aid of Information Technology, we are not only able to stream line our business processes but we are also able to get constant information in real time that is up to the minute and up to date (Vermaat,2004). The significance of Information Technology can be seen from the fact that it has penetrated almost every aspect of our daily lives from business to leisure and even society. The world has an estimated 350 million internet users. Over 90% of them are in industrial countries, although developing countries comprise about 85% of the world population (Berndt and Morrison, 1995). Today personal Computers, cell phones, fax machines, email and internet have all not only become an integral part of our very culture but also play an essential role in our day to day activities (Parker, 2003). Information Technology has brought a lot of wonders in our daily living. Some of the wonders include: Globalization IT has not only brought the world closer together, but it has allowed the worlds economy to become a single interdependent system. This means that we can not only share information quickly and efficiently, but we can also bring down barriers of linguistic and geographic boundaries. The world has developed into a global village due to the help of information technology allowing countries like Chile and Japan who are not only separated by distance but also by language to shares ideas and information with each other. Communication With the help of information technology, communication has also become cheaper, quicker, and more efficient. We can now communicate with anyone around the globe by simply text messaging them or sending them an email for an almost instantaneous response. The internet has also opened up face to face direct communication from different parts of the world thanks to the helps of video conferencing. Information Technology affects the way companies communicate and establish relations with their clients. In the fast moving and business environment, it is vital for them to interact with clients regularly and quickly to gain their trust and to obtain customer loyalty. With the use of internet and social networks, firms interact with consumers and answer all their queries about the products. Take for instance Barack Obama- USA President as the figure. With the use of networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook, blogs, social bookmarking, the leader could approach to the world whenever necessary and the world can receive the news and updates which he has done or wants done within a short period of time. Cost effectiveness Information technology has helped to computerize the business process thus streamlining businesses to make them extremely cost effective money making machines. This in turn increases productivity which ultimately gives rise to profits that means better pay and less strenuous working conditions. Additionally, to think and to research, we need resources to find what our past people has thought, what quotes they have left for us that is information and theory. Information can now be easily found by a single click in search engines such as Google and yahoo. Business Operations. With the use of technological innovations, business owners and entrepreneur understand their cash flow better, how to manage their storage costs well and enables you to save time and money. Bridging the cultural gap Information technology has helped to bridge the cultural gap by helping people from different cultures to communicate with one another, and allow for the exchange of views and ideas, thus increasing awareness and reducing prejudice. More time IT has made it possible for businesses to be open 24 x7 all over the globe. This means that a business can be open anytime anywhere, making purchases from different countries easier and more convenient. It also means that you can have your goods delivered right to your doorstep with having to move a single muscle. Increase the sense of Human Rights- The technology can remind of our human rights, basic needs and give updates where relief or worldwide help is necessary. During earthquakes, terrible floods, while co-operation is necessary the World Wide Web can help us to collect the donation by a desired amount. It is not possible to just figure out everything about the good and bad sides of Information and Technology within a page and article as because it has mixed with every aspects and corners of our lives. Rather, let us look at the side effects, bad sides (cons) which IT-sectors have brought to the Human Society Creation of new jobs Probably the best advantage of information technology is the creation of new and interesting jobs. Computer programmers, Systems analyzers, Hardware and Software developers and Web designers are just some f the many new employment opportunities created with the help of IT. Information technologies of various kinds, together with globalization, are powerfully affecting the range of employment options for individuals in advanced and developing countries alike- and at various levels of education. Further, the classes of Information Technology that automate, disinter mediate and reduce costs of remoteness are also enabling the construction of increasingly comp lex and geographically diverse global supply chains and networks (Spence, 2012) . Advancements in information technology have had many great benefits on society; however, this has not come without its downsides. Below are some of the horrors or disadvantages of information technology: Unemployment While information technology may have streamlined the business process it has also created job redundancies, downsizing and outsourcing. This means that a lot of lower and middle level jobs have been done away with causing more people to become unemployed. Technology in an organization, company or business, the number of hours that a human works at that company is reduced. Technology is playing multiple roles. The replacement of routine manual work by machines and robots is a powerful, continuing and perhaps accelerating trend in manufacturing and logistics, while networks of computers are replacing routine white-collar jobs in information processing. For instance, the elimination of intermediaries in banking, online retail and a host of government services, to name just a few affected areas. This has even resulted in some people losing their jobs because technology is doing it for them. However this is beneficial for the organization as their profit is increased because they do not need to pay their workers as much because they are not required as much (Spence, 2012). Privacy Though information technology may have made communication quicker, easier and more convenient, it has also bought along privacy issues. From cell phone signal interceptions to email hacking, people are now worried about their once private information becoming public knowledge. As IT Sectors have wined the people’s heart worldwide. People are here to share and store any kind of information, private date in their hard drives and private online databases. But due to some Cyber-Criminals, nothing is so safe both online and offline. If someone becomes a bit careless, he or she may needs to pay high for it especially when it comes to work related information (Saldarini and DeRobertis, 2003). Lack of job security Industry experts believe that the internet has made job security a big issue as since technology keeps on changing with each day. This means that one has to be in a constant learning mode, if he or she wishes for their job to be secure. Dominant culture While information technology may have made the world a global village, it has also contributed to one culture dominating another weaker one. For example it is now argued that US influences how most young teenagers all over the world now act, dress and behave. Languages too have become overshadowed, with English becoming the primary mode of communication for business and everything else Over reliance on technology a lot of people believe that because computers and the Internet has become such a regular part of modern life, some people particularly children who grow up with it, will not be able to function without it. Some people think that the Internet is making people lazy, particularly when it comes to essay or project research as instead of reading books in a library, one can just perform a Google search. Loss of communication skills with the ever increasing variety of social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter, a lot of people are worried that traditional communication skills will be lost. This worry is particularly about children who often engage in these websites because communication and interactive skills are not important with computers. Loss of personal touch emails and instant messaging has replaced the old tradition of handwriting letters. And although this is advantageous because of time constraints, a personal touch and sense of feeling is lost compared to taking the time to sit down and hand write a letter. We can think, gather human principles (ethical knowledge) and make co-operative relationships between friends and families. But due to harmful aspects of (IT) people are becoming fully technological based. And it can bring huge damage to the society as its taking away the natural thoughts and organic ideas. Health problems research has shown that technology can cause a number of problems with a persons health. Many scientists, doctors and researchers are concerned about possible links between technology and heart problems, eye strain, obesity, muscle problems and deafness. Waste emitted from technology can pollute the environment which not only makes people ill, it also damages the environment. The online community is not safe for Family anymore- the family is the foundation of every nation. However, due to Information Technology, children under age may often share Cell Numbers, Private Email Address which can be hacked by people and can pass it to the criminals who have a blue-print to harm the society. And people are losing credit card privacy and other payment processing options. Again, there are some sites created by foul people, which can lead under eighteen teenagers to a different path – That Is going to bring Harm to the Nation. A very good example is the Iris Kaingu Video which circulated not only nationwide but also worldwide and was viewed by both young people and adults. In conclusion, one can safely say Information Technology has brought both wonders and horrors to our society. Things that were once done manually, or by hand have now become easier and faster by the introduction of computer technology in the workplace. Our world today has changed a great deal with the aid of Information Technology which has penetrated in almost every aspect of our daily lives and society. With all the good things about Information Technology, it has brought terrible horrors to some in our societies. A lot of people have lost their jobs because they have become irrelevant due to the introduction of computers in the workplace. It has contributed to the poor livelihood of people. Advancements in information technology have had many great benefits on society. It has revolutionized the phase of business and living around the world. Information Technology has made Local businesses become international due to a simple website. Information technology (IT) is the use of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. It is broadly considered to encompass the use of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data. Several industries are associated with information technology, such as computer hardware,software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment and computer services (Chandler, 2012). Therefore, the purpose of this assignment is to discuss the wonders and horrors Information Technology has brought to us. It will first look at the wonders which Information Technology has brought, and then it will look at the horrors. It is from the wonders and horrors were a conclusion will be drawn from. Today information technology involves more than just computer literacy; it also takes into account how computers work and how these computers can further be used not just for information processing but also for communications and problem solving tasks as well. Information technology also involves the development, installation, implementation, maintenance, and the use of computer systems, software and networks for the processing and distribution of data (Daintith, 2009). Our world today has changed a great deal with the aid of information technology. The revolution in IT has itself been brought forth by a company of innovations in telecommunications and informatics, made possible by cheaper new lightweight materials such as optical fibers transmitting information faster. Information flows faster and less expensively throughout the globe, but it will take substantial time to reach full digitalization given the youth of IT (Achimugu et al; 2009). Things that were once done manually or by hand have now become computerized operating systems, which simply require a single click of a mouse to get a task completed. With the aid of Information Technology, we are not only able to stream line our business processes but we are also able to get constant information in real time that is up to the minute and up to date (Vermaat,2004).

Ethics of Physician Assisted Suicide

Ethics of Physician Assisted Suicide Should we be allowed to take our own lives? In many cultures ancient and not so ancient suicide has been seen as the best option in certain circumstances.   Cato the Younger committed suicide rather than live under Caesar.   For the Stoics there was nothing necessarily immoral in suicide, which could be rational and the best option (Long 1986, 206).   Conversely, in the Christian tradition, suicide has largely been seen as immoral, defying the will of God, being socially harmful and opposed to nature (Edwards 2000).   This view, to follow Hume, ignores the fact that by dint suicide being possible it is not against nature or God (Hume 1986).   Nevertheless, the idea of being allowed to take our own lives impinges on the ethics of public policy in a variety of ways.   Here we will briefly examine the case of physician-assisted suicide (PAS) where an individual’s wish to die may be aided by the action of another. Hume considered suicide to be ‘free from every imputation of guilt or blame’ (Hume 1986, 20) and indeed suicide has not been a crime in the UK since 1961 (Martin 1997, 451).   Aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring a suicide is however a special statutory crime, although few prosecutions are brought.   Recently the issue of PAS has brought the debate about ‘whether and under what conditions individuals should be able to determine the time and manner of their deaths, and whether they should be able to enlist the help of physicians’ (Steinbock 2005, 235).   The British Medical Association opposes euthanasia (mercy killing) but accepts both legally and ethically that patients can refuse life-prolonging treatment – this that they can commit suicide (BMA 1998).   Failing to prevent suicide does not constitute abetting (Martin 1997, 451) although PAS ‘is no different in law to any other person helping another to commit suicide’ (BMA 1998).   In Oregon, however, PAS, restricted to competent individuals who request it, has been legalised (Steinbock 2005, 235, 238).   A distinction should be maintained between suicide and (mercy) killing, acts in which the agents differ, though of course exactly where the line should be drawn is part of the problem. The ethical arguments in support of PAS involve suffering and autonomy (Steinbock 2005, 235-6).   The first assertion is that is cruel to prolong the life of a patient who is in pain that cannot be medically controlled; the second, in the words of Dr Linda Ganzini based on her study in Oregon, involves the idea that ‘being in control and not dependent on other people is the most important thing for them in their dying days’ (quoted in Steinbock 2005, 235).   The logical outcome of these arguments is that, if PAS can be justified on the grounds of suffering or autonomy, why should it be restricted to competent individuals or the terminally ill?   Indeed the judge in Compassion in dying v State of Washington (1995) stated that ‘if at the heart of the liberty protected by the Fourteenth Amendment is this uncurtailable ability to believe and act on one’s deepest beliefs about life, the right to suicide and the right to assistance in suicide are the preroga tive of at least every sane adult.   The attempt to restrict such rights to the terminally ill is illusory’ (Steinbock 2005, 236). As noted above, religious disapproval of suicide has become less relevant an as arbiter of ethics and policy.   In democratic societies that might best be described as secular with a Christian heritage, the views of religious groups should not restrict the liberty of individuals in society (Steinbock 2005, 236).   Others argue that the role of the physician is to heal and help and not to harm, though supporters of PAS would say that death is not always harmful and assisted suicide is a help.   Indeed, in a country where PAS is not legal people who wish to die without criminalizing those who assist in their suicide may be driven abroad, as in the case of Reginald Crew who was dying of motor neurone disease and travelled to Switzerland for AS, dying in January 2002 (English et al. 2003, 119).   This may cause more harm through the stresses of dislocation and worry than allowing the PAS to take place.   The two most serious concerns are that PAS would be abused and would lead to negative changes in society.   This could happen in many ways through vulnerable groups such as the poor, the elderly etc, being pressured into choosing PAS (Steinbock 2005, 237).   The BMA emphasises a concern for the message that would be given to society about the value of certain groups of people (BMA 1998).   This is part of a wider concern also expressed in a Canadian Senate enquiry of 1995 (BMA 1998) which points to a policy of suicide prevention amongst some vulnerable groups that would be rendered anomalous by seeking to ease suicide amongst the disabled.   However, the presentation is slightly disingenuous, since there is a difference in the reason for potential suicide that must be investigated. For example, seeking to prevent suicide amongst the youth may involve programmes of social inclusion or increasing life prospects, and this style of solution is not applicable in the case of those who may seek PAS.   In Oregon at least, it seems that fears about PAS have not materialised, and one doctor suspects that the relatively low use of PAS is indicative of it being too restrictive (Steinbock 2005, 238).   Users of PAS, rather than being the poor and socially vulnerable as predicted, tended to be middle class and educated, with younger patients more likely to choose it than the elderly, and most were enrolled in hospice care.   Issues about PAS and euthanasia need to be clarified and argued separately.   In the context of this issue at least, the question of whether suicide should be allowed is the wrong one to ask.   A starting point is to ask how competent individuals can be allowed to fulfil their wishes as to life and death issues without endangering other people, whether doctors or loved ones and whether all embracing legislation is feasible. Bibliography BMA. 1998. Euthanasia and physician assisted suicide: Do the moral arguments differ? London: BMA. Edwards, P. 2000. ‘Ethics of suicide’, in The Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge, 870-71. English, V. Romano-Critchley, G., Sheather J. and Sommerville, A. 2003. ‘Ethics Briefings’, Journal of Medical Ethics 29: 118-119 Hume, D. 1986. ‘Of Suicide’, in Singer, P. (ed.) 1986. Applied Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 19-27. Martin, E.A. (ed.) 1997. A Dictionary of Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Steinbock, B. 2005. ‘The case for physician assisted suicide: not (yet) proven’, Journal of Medical Ethics 31: 235-41.